C.C. Tsuei, J.R. Kirtley, et al.
Physical Review Letters
Direct observations of the half-integer flux quantum effect in rings, disks, and blanket films of the high-Tc cuprate superconductors YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO), GdBa2Cu3O7-δ (GdBCO), Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ (T12201), and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (BSCCO) with three tricrystal substrate geometries show that their gaps have sign changes consistent with d-wave symmetry. The blanket geometry gives the Josephson penetration depth directly, and provides a means for symmetry tests without patterning. T12201 is a tetragonal, single-layer, cuprate without chains. When combined with photoemission results, our BSCCO results imply that the gap follows dx2-y2 symmetry closely. Asymmetric 45 degree bicrystal grain boundary samples show spontaneous magnetization, as expected for d-wave superconductors with interface roughness.
C.C. Tsuei, J.R. Kirtley, et al.
Physical Review Letters
C.J. Chen, C.C. Tsuei
Solid State Communications
Stephanie G. Grancharov, Hao Zeng, et al.
Journal of Physical Chemistry B
K. Hasselbach, J.R. Kirtley, et al.
Physical Review B