Classifying users: A hard look at some controversial issues
Kathleen M. Potosnak, Philip J. Hayes, et al.
CHI 1986
Selecting an effective utterance among countless possibilities that match a user's intention poses a challenge when using natural language interfaces. To address the challenge, we leveraged the principle of least collaborative effort in communication grounding theory and designed three grounded conversational interactions: 1) a grounding interface allows users to start with a provisional input and then invite a conversational agent to complete their input, 2) a multiple grounding interface presents multiple inputs for the user to select from, and 3) a structured grounding interface guides users to write inputs in a structure best understood by the system. We compared our three grounding interfaces to an ungrounded control interface in a crowdsourced study (N=80) using a natural language system that generates small programs. We found that the grounding interfaces reduced cognitive load and improved task performance. The structured grounding interface further reduced speaker change costs and improved technology acceptance, without sacrificing the perception of control. We discuss the implications of designing grounded conversational interactions in natural language systems.
Kathleen M. Potosnak, Philip J. Hayes, et al.
CHI 1986
Changyan Chi, Michelle X. Zhou, et al.
CHI 2010
Daniel Smilkov, Han Zhao, et al.
ISM 2010
Reid Priedhorsky, David Pitchford, et al.
CSCW 2012